In buying a house, one of the major decisions the buyer would make is whether the buyer will apply for a mortgage or not. When decided to use a mortgage, choosing what type of mortgage comes next. Options are fixed and adjustable rate mortgage.
In evaluating which one to take, the buyer should think of whether how long the stay will be in the house. If the buyer is uncertain, a guess estimate can be adequate.
If the buyer is single and buying a small condo but might get married soon or have just started a family, chances are that the buyer would transfer to a new home in five to seven years.
On the other hand, if the buyer had a family and wants to settle into a place with a good school system, the buyer would think of using the house for the next 12 years.
Whatever the answer, it will help the buyer decide whether it makes sense to get a fixed-rate or an adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM).
A fixed-rate mortgage locks in a rate for the whole duration of the loan.
ARMs are short-term fixed-rate loans. After the fixed rate term is up, the rate adjusts at regular intervals in accordance with current interest rate conditions at that time. A 5/1 ARM, for example, has a fixed rate for five years and then adjusts every year for the next 25 years. (ARMs typically run on a 30-year schedule.)
The length of the fixed-rate term on an ARM typically can range anywhere from one month to 10 years. The longer the rate is fixed, the higher the interest rate. But generally speaking, ARMs will cost less in the short-term. With the ARM, both monthly payments and interest rates should be lower than either a fixed rate 15-year or 30-year mortgage.
The risk with an ARM is that when interest rates rise, payments can be more than what was bargained for. Rates are subjected to the forces in the market. That is why in today's low-rate environment, borrowers want to maximize the fixed-rate picture with a matching time frame.
If the buyer recognizes that the stay in the house will be more than 12 years, a 30-year fixed rate mortgage might work better.
Then there is the option of an interest-only mortgage, which is a payment option rather than a mortgage product per se. The buyer pays only interest for a period of time, usually the first five to 15 years of a loan. Monthly payments during that time are typically much lower than they would be with either a fixed-rate or adjustable-rate mortgage, because the buyer is only paying for the interest, not the principal. Plus, the rate that will be given is much lower than it would be on a fixed-rate product.
But once the fixed-rate period is up, the monthly payment could go higher both because the buyer starts paying down the principal and the rate may adjust upward.
So whatever you choose, always choose what you can afford.